The Jubilee in the Bible. Justice and Sharing.
Catechesis by Pope Francis
General Audience, Ash Wednesday, 10 February 2016, St Peter's Sqaure - in Arabic, Croatian, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese & Spanish
"Dear Brothers and Sisters, Good morning and have a good Lenten journey!
It is fitting and meaningful to hold this Audience on Ash Wednesday. We are beginning the Lenten journey, and today we stop to consider the ancient institution of the “jubilee”, an ancient custom attested in Sacred Scripture. In particular we find it in the Book of Leviticus, who presents it as a culminating moment in the religious and social life of the people of Israel.
Every 50 years, “on the day of atonement” (Lev 25:9), when the Lord’s mercy is invoked upon the whole people, the sound of the trumpet announced the great event of liberation. In fact we read in Leviticus: “And you shall hallow the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants; it shall be a jubilee for you, when each of you shall return to his property and each of you shall return to his family[...]. In this year of jubilee each of you shall return to his property” (25:10, 13). In accordance with these dispositions, if someone had been compelled to sell his land or his house, in the jubilee year he could regain possession of it; and if someone had contracted debts and, being unable to pay them, was compelled to place himself in the service of the creditor, he could return debt free to his family and regain all of his property.
It was a type of “general pardon”, by which everyone was allowed to return to their original situation, with the cancellation of all debts, the restitution of land, and the opportunity for freedom to be enjoyed once again by the members of the People of God: a “holy” people, where regulations such as that of the jubilee year served to combat poverty and inequality, guaranteeing a dignified life to all and an equitable distribution of land on which to live and from which to draw sustenance. The central idea is that the land originally belonged to God and has been entrusted to man (cf. Gen 1:28-29), and therefore no one may claim exclusive possession, thereby creating situations of inequality. Today we can consider and reconsider this; each one in our heart think about whether we have too many things. Why not leave them to those who have nothing? Ten per cent, fifty per cent.... I say: may the Holy Spirit inspire each of you.
With the jubilee, those who had become poor returned to having the necessities of life, and those who had become rich restored to the poor what they had taken from them. The goal was a society based on equality and solidarity, where freedom, land and money became once again a resource for all and not just for a few, as happens now, if I’m not mistaken.... The figures are approximate, but more or less 80 per cent of human wealth is in the hands of less than 20 percent of the population. It is a jubilee year — and I say this remembering our salvation history — for converting, so that our heart may become larger, more generous, more a child of God, with more love. I’ll tell you one thing: if this wish, if the Jubilee does not touch the pocket, it is not a true jubilee. Do you understand? This is in the Bible! This Pope did not invent it: it is in the Bible. The goal — as I said — is a society based on equality and solidarity, where freedom, land and money become a resource for all and not just for the few. Indeed the function of the jubilee was to help the people experience practical fraternity, made of mutual help. We might say that the biblical jubilee was a “jubilee of mercy”, because it was lived in sincerely seeking the good of the brother in need.
Along the same lines, other institutions and other laws also governed the life of the People of God, so that it could experience the mercy of the Lord through that of men. In those laws we find indications that are valid even today, which call for reflection. For example, the biblical law required “tithing” to benefit the Levites, [the priests] in charge of worship, the landless, and to the poor, the fatherless, and widows (cf. Deut 14:22-29). It provided, in other words, for one tenth of the harvest, or of the proceeds of other work, to be given to those who were without protection and in a state of need, thus fostering conditions of relative equality within a people in which everyone had to behave as brothers.
There was also a law concerning the “first fruits”. What is this? The first part of the harvest, the most valuable part, which had to be shared with the Levites and with strangers (cf. Deut 18:4-5; 26:1-11), those who owned no fields, thus ensuring for them too that the land be a source of nourishment and life. “The land is mine; for you are strangers and sojourners with me”, says the Lord (Lev 25:23). We are all guests of the Lord, awaiting the heavenly country (cf. Heb 11:13-16; 1 Pet 2:11), called to render habitable and human the world which welcomes us. As regards the “first fruits”, the more fortunate could give more to those who are in difficulty! So many first fruits! The first harvest not only of the yield of the fields, but of every other product of work, of wages, of savings, of so many things that are owned and that at times are wasted. This happens today too. In the Office of Papal Charities so many letters are received containing a little money: “this is a part of my wages in order to help others”. This is beautiful; helping others, charitable institutions, hospitals, rest homes...; also giving to strangers, those who are foreigners and sojourners. Jesus was a sojourner in Egypt.
Precisely in this consideration, Sacred Scripture persistently exhorts a generous response to requests for loans, without making petty calculations and without demanding impossible interest rates: “And if your brother becomes poor, and cannot maintain himself with you, you shall maintain him; as a stranger and a sojourner he shall live with you. Take no interest from him or increase, but fear your God; that your brother may live beside you. You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor give him your food for profit” (Lev 25:35-37). This lesson is always timely. How many families there are on the street, victims of profiteering. Please let us pray, that in this Jubilee Year the Lord remove from every heart this desire to have more, to exploit. That we may return to being generous, great. How many situations of exploitation we are forced to see and how much suffering and anguish they cause families! And so often, in desperation, how many men end up committing suicide because they cannot manage and do not have hope, they do not have a helping hand extended to them; only the hand that comes to make them pay interest. It is a grave sin, usury is a sin that cries out in the presence of God. The Lord instead promised his blessing to those who open their hand to give generously (cf. Deut 15:10). He will give to you twofold, perhaps not in money but in other things, but the Lord will always give you double.
Dear brothers and sisters, the Bible’s message is very clear: be courageously open to sharing, and this is mercy! If we want mercy from God, let us begin to practice it. It is this: beginning to practice it among ourselves, among compatriots, among families, among peoples, among continents. Contributing to the realization of a world with no poor means building a society without discrimination, based on solidarity that leads to sharing whatever we possess, in a distribution of resources founded on brotherhood and on justice. Thank you."
Saluti:
"Je salue cordialement les pèlerins de langue française, en particulier les jeunes venus de Suisse et de France. Nous entrons aujourd’hui en Carême. Je vous invite à prier les uns pour les autres en ce temps de conversion afin que nous puissions ensemble expérimenter la miséricorde du Seigneur et la transmettre aux plus pauvres d’entre nous. Que Dieu vous bénisse.
I warmly greet the English-speaking pilgrims and visitors taking part in today’s Audience, in particular those from England, Ireland, Croatia, Taiwan and the United States of America. I wish you a good Lenten journey, filled with acts of mercy, especially in this Jubilee Year. May God bless you all!
Gerne heiße ich die Pilger aus den Ländern deutscher Sprache wie auch aus Luxemburg, Belgien und den Niederlanden willkommen. Besonders grüße ich die Ministranten der Diözese Bozen-Brixen in Begleitung von Bischof Ivo Muser als auch die Vereinigung Pro Petri Sede. Liebe Freunde, in den kommenden Tagen werde ich Mexiko besuchen. Ich bitte euch, meine Apostolische Reise und die Begegnung mit Patriarch Kyrill auf Kuba mit eurem Gebet zu begleiten. Vielen Dank! Ich wünsche euch einen guten Beginn der Fastenzeit.
Saludo cordialmente a los peregrinos de lengua española, en particular a los grupos provenientes de España y Latinoamérica. Al comenzar hoy el tiempo de cuaresma, pidámosle al Señor que nos ayude a prepararnos para la Pascua abriendo nuestros corazones a su misericordia, para que también nosotros sepamos vivirla en nuestra vida diaria, con las personas que nos rodean. Muchas gracias.
Com ânimo feliz e agradecido, saúdo os professores e os alunos das diversas comunidades escolares de Barreiro, Bragança, Coimbra e Lisboa. Sobre vós e demais peregrinos de língua portuguesa, invoco a protecção da Virgem Maria. Que Ela vos tome pela mão durante os próximos quarenta dias, ajudando-vos a ficar mais parecidos com Jesus ressuscitado. Desejo-vos uma santa e frutuosa Quaresma!
أُرحّبُ بالحجّاجِ الناطقينَ باللغةِ العربية، وخاصةً بالقادمينَ منالشرق الأوسط ولاسيما بأفراد جوقة القديسة رفقا القادمين من لبنان! أيّها الإخوةُ والأخواتُ الأعزّاء، يشكّل الصوم فرصة مناسبة لتعميق حياتكم الروحيّة: لتكن ممارسة الصوم عضدًا لتهذيب أنفسكم؛ والصلاة وسيلةً لتشعروا بحضور الله المُحِبّ وأعمال الرحمة لتعيشوا حياتكم وتفتحوها على حاجات الإخوة! صوم مبارك وليبارككُم الرب!
Pozdrawiam polskich pielgrzymów. Dziś rozpoczynamy Wielki Post Roku Jubileuszowego Miłosierdzia. Jest to szczególnie sposobny czas, aby prosić Pana o łaskę przebaczenia każdego zła, i by spełniać z otwartym i szczerym sercem dzieła miłosierdzia dla innych. Bądźcie miłosierni jak Ojciec! Jego błogosławieństwo niech Wam stale towarzyszy! Niech będzie pochwalony Jezus Chrystus!"
APPELLO
"Domani, memoria della Beata Vergine Maria di Lourdes, ricorre la XXIVa Giornata Mondiale del Malato, che avrà la sua celebrazione culminante a Nazareth. Nel messaggio di quest’anno abbiamo riflettuto sul ruolo insostituibile di Maria alle nozze di Cana: «Qualsiasi cosa vi dica, fátela» (Gv 2,5). Nella sollecitudine di Maria si rispecchia la tenerezza di Dio e l’immensa bontà di Gesù Misericordioso. Invito a pregare per gli ammalati e a far sentire loro il nostro amore. La stessa tenerezza di Maria sia presente nella vita di tante persone che si trovano accanto ai malati sapendo cogliere i loro bisogni, anche quelli più impercettibili, perché visti con occhi pieni di amore.
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Rivolgo un cordiale benvenuto ai fedeli di lingua italiana. Saluto in particolare i Direttori Diocesani delle Pontificie Opere Missionarie; le Francescane dell’Immacolata Concezione di Lipari; l’Associazione Mani Tese e gli insegnanti di religione della Diocesi di Concordia-Pordenone. Saluto i gruppi parrocchiali e gli studenti delle Scuole L’Arca di Legnano e Don Luigi Monza di Cislago. Vi esorto a ravvivare la fede con il passaggio attraverso la Porta Santa, per essere testimoni dell’amore del Signore con concrete opere di carità. Dopodomani inizierò il viaggio apostolico in Messico, ma prima mi recherò a L’Avana per incontrare il mio caro fratello Cirillo. Affido alle preghiere di tutti voi sia l’incontro con il Patriarca Cirillo sia il viaggio in Messico.
Un pensiero speciale rivolgo ai giovani, agli ammalati e agli sposi novelli. Oggi, Mercoledì delle Ceneri, inizia il cammino quaresimale. Cari giovani, vi auguro di vivere questo tempo di grazia come un ritorno al Padre Misericordioso, che tutti attende a braccia aperte. Cari ammalati, vi incoraggio ad offrire le vostre sofferenze per la conversione di quanti vivono lontani da Dio; ed invito voi, cari sposi novelli, a costruire sulla salda roccia dell’amore divino la vostra nuova famiglia."